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The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids [1] [2] (/ ˈ s ɛ l dʒ ʊ k / SEL-juuk; Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian, [3] alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, [4] Seljuk Turkomans [5] or the Saljuqids, [6] was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture [7] [8] in West Asia and Central Asia.
The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, [13] [a] was a high medieval, ... 300 Alans and 100 French Crusaders to fight against Ilghazi's vast army.
Seljuk (Ottoman Turkish: سلجوق, Selcuk) or Saljuq (Arabic: سلجوق, Saljūq) may refer to: Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia; Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities; Seljuk (warlord) (died c. 1007), founder of the Seljuk dynasty
The sipahi (Persian: سپاهی sipâhi, Turkish pronunciation:) were professional cavalrymen deployed by the Seljuk Turks and later by the Ottoman Empire. [1] Sipahi units included the land grant–holding provincial timarli sipahi, which constituted most of the army, and the salaried regular kapikulu sipahi, or palace troops.
Tughril was born in c. 993, [8] most likely in the Central Asian steppes, where nomadic Oghuz Turks were roaming to find pasture for livestock. After the death of his father Mikail, Tughril and his brother Chaghri were reportedly raised by their grandfather Seljuk (the eponymous founder of the Seljuks) in Jand.
Head of male Seljuk royal figure, 12–13th century, from Iran. Al-Masudi described Yangikent's Oghuz Turks as "distinguished from other Turks by their valour, their slanted eyes, and the smallness of their stature". Stone heads of Seljuq elites kept at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art displayed East Asian features. [51]
Unlike the Seljuk Empire, the Seljuk sultans of Rum had Persian names such as Kay Khosrow, Kay Kawad/Qobad, and Kay Kāvus. The bureaucrats and religious elite of their realm were generally Persian. [60] In the 13th century, most Muslim inhabitants in major Anatolian urban hubs reportedly spoke Persian as their main language. [61]
Qiniq is historically notable because the Seljuk Empire was founded by the representatives of the Qiniq tribe. [6] In the 10th century the tribe leader was Dukak (nicknamed Demiryaylı, "with iron bow"). He was followed by his son Seljuk and then grandson Arslan Yabgu. The Seljuk Empire was founded by Arslan's nephews Tughril and Chagri.