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Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian. The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000,000–11,000,000 years ago, after the ice from the last glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BCE.
One of the world's most digitally-advanced societies, [340] in 2005 Estonia became the first state to hold elections over the Internet, and in 2014, the first state to provide e-residency. [341] Universal health care , [ 342 ] free education , [ 343 ] and the longest paid maternity leave in the OECD [ 344 ] are additional hallmarks of Estonia's ...
Democratic throughout most of the interwar period, Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II, but the country was repeatedly contested, invaded, and occupied, first by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany in 1941, and ultimately reoccupied in 1944 by, and annexed into, the USSR as an administrative subunit (Estonian SSR).
The first Estonian constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 15 April 1920. Established as a parliamentary democracy, legislative power was held by a 100-seat parliament or Riigikogu . Executive power was held by a government headed by a State Elder , separate from the office of Prime Minister , and both answerable to the parliament.
The terms "First World", "Second World", and "Third World" were originally used to divide the world's nations into three categories. The model did not emerge to its endstate all at once. The complete overthrow of the pre–World War II status quo, known as the Cold War, left two superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union ) vying for ...
Estonia’s president formally appointed the Baltic country’s new government on Monday after lawmakers gave the green light to Prime Minister-designate Kristen Michal’s three-party coalition ...
After the First World War (1914–1918) the term "Baltic states" came to refer to the countries by the Baltic Sea that had gained independence from the former Russian Empire. The term included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, as well as Finland (which later became grouped among the Nordic countries instead). [6] [better source needed] [7]
First commercial bank in Estonia is established in Tartu. [3] 1903: Ants Laikmaa founds the first arts academy in Estonia. [3] 1904: Noor-Eesti is established. [3] 1904: Keila-Haapsalu rail line is opened. [3] 1904: Local elections in Tallinn. Estonian-Russian joint group (led by Konstantin Päts) takes power from Baltic Germans group in city ...