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Under HTTP 1.0, connections should always be closed by the server after sending the response. [1]Since at least late 1995, [2] developers of popular products (browsers, web servers, etc.) using HTTP/1.0, started to add an unofficial extension (to the protocol) named "keep-alive" in order to allow the reuse of a connection for multiple requests/responses.
504 Gateway Timeout The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server. 505 HTTP Version Not Supported The server does not support the HTTP version used in the request. 506 Variant Also Negotiates (RFC 2295) Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference. [27]
Keepalive time is the duration between two keepalive transmissions in idle condition. TCP keepalive period is required to be configurable and by default is set to no less than 2 hours. Keepalive interval is the duration between two successive keepalive retransmissions, if acknowledgement to the previous keepalive transmission is not received.
In HTTP/1.1 a keep-alive-mechanism was officially introduced so that a connection could be reused for more than one request/response. Such persistent connections reduce request latency perceptibly because the client does not need to re-negotiate the TCP 3-Way-Handshake connection after the first request has been sent.
Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license. A large fraction of web servers use Nginx, [10] often as a load balancer. [11] A company of the same name was founded in 2011 to provide support and NGINX Plus paid software. [12] In March 2019, the company was acquired by F5 for $670 million. [13]
The command that can be used on Solaris systems (prior to v11) to determine the time-wait interval is: ndd -get /dev/tcp tcp_time_wait_interval 60000 (60 seconds) is a common value. On FreeBSD systems this description and value can be checked by the command sysctl: [2] sysctl -d net.inet.tcp.msl sysctl net.inet.tcp.msl which gets the result:
Slowloris is a type of denial of service attack tool which allows a single machine to take down another machine's web server with minimal bandwidth and side effects on unrelated services and ports. Slowloris tries to keep many connections to the target web server open and hold them open as long as possible.
Some of the message types shown above, such as Ping and Set Client/Server Bandwidth, are considered low level RTMP protocol messages which do not use the AMF encoding format. Command messages on the other hand, whether AMF0 (Message Type of 0x14) or AMF3 (0x11), use the format and have the general form shown below: