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Several studies have investigated the use of this memory mnemonic as a form of an imagery-based memory system within the process of learning a second-language. [7] For example, if a native English speaker is attempting to learn Spanish, he will notice that the Spanish for duck is pato, which is pronounced similarly to the English word pot.
Allan Paivio's dual-coding theory is a basis of picture superiority effect. Paivio claims that pictures have advantages over words with regards to coding and retrieval of stored memory because pictures are coded more easily and can be retrieved from symbolic mode, while the dual coding process using words is more difficult for both coding and retrieval.
The method of loci is also known as the memory journey, memory palace, journey method, memory spaces, or mind palace technique. This method is a mnemonic device adopted in ancient Roman and Greek rhetorical treatises (in the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium , Cicero 's De Oratore , and Quintilian 's Institutio Oratoria ).
Most people showing amazing memory abilities use mnemonic strategies, mostly the method of loci. This includes all winners of the annual World Memory Championships and most of the known scientific cases of excellent memories, like Solomon Shereshevsky. Regardless, the following list contains people who have claimed photographic memory. [4]
If associations between a word and an image cannot be formed, it is much harder to remember and recall the word at a later point in time. While this limits the effectiveness of the dual-coding theory, it is still valid over a wide range of circumstances and can be used to improve memory.
For example, in a word-completion implicit memory task, if a subject reads a list containing the word "dog", the subject provides this word more readily when asked for three-letter words beginning in "d". The levels-of-processing effect is only found for explicit memory tests.
The generation effect is typically achieved in cognitive psychology experiments by asking participants to generate words from word fragments. [2] This effect has also been demonstrated using a variety of other materials, such as when generating a word after being presented with its antonym, [3] synonym, [1] picture, [4] arithmetic problems, [2] [5] or keyword in a paragraph. [6]
It is argued that the story would be easier to remember than the list itself. Another method is to actually link each element of the list with a mental picture of an image that includes two elements in the list that are next to each other. This would form an open doubly linked list which could be traversed at will, backwards or forwards. For ...