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The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to anterior forebrain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland. The diencephalon encloses a cavity called the third ventricle.
The diencephalon develops into the thalamus and hypothalamus, including the optic vesicles (future retina). [8] The dorsal telencephalon then forms two lateral telencephalic vesicles, separated by the midline, which develop into the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
The epithalamus (pl.: epithalami) is a posterior segment of the diencephalon. [3] The epithalamus includes the habenular nuclei, the stria medullaris, the anterior and posterior paraventricular nuclei, the posterior commissure, and the pineal gland. [2]
Pontine nuclei; Pontine cranial nerve nuclei. Chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V); Motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V); Abducens nucleus (VI) ...
The diencephalon gives rise to the thalamus and hypothalamus. The hindbrain also splits into two areas – the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The metencephalon gives rise to the cerebellum and pons. The myelencephalon gives rise to the medulla oblongata. [71] Also during the fifth week, the brain divides into repeating segments called ...
They are located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system. They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix. [3] They consist of two groups of nuclei, the medial mammillary nuclei and the lateral mammillary nuclei. [4]
Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main subregions: the telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata, with the midbrain, pons and medulla often collectively called the brainstem. Each of these areas has a complex ...
The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch, and sometimes the diencephalon is included in the brainstem. [ 2 ] The brainstem is very small, making up around only 2.6 percent of the brain's total weight. [ 3 ]