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A 2008 study of two orangutans at the Leipzig Zoo showed orangutans may practise "calculated reciprocity", which involves an individual aiding another with the expectation of being paid back. Orangutans are the first nonhuman species documented to do so.
The orangutans also did not refuse often in individual contrast conditions. [146] As with many other species, in the no-effort condition the refusal rate was very low. [147] Feller tested two orangutans with various conditions including a quantity inequity condition. [148] Neither ape refused any food in any condition. [149]
Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) exhibited aggression in almost 90 percent of their copulations, including when the females were not resisting. [13] A possible explanation for aggressive behaviors in primates is that it is a way for males to train females to be afraid of them and be more likely to surrender to future sexual advances. [1]
Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates and use a variety of sophisticated tools, also constructing elaborate sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. Both orangutan species are considered to be Endangered with the Sumatran orangutan being Critically Endangered .
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Though obsessive-compulsive behaviors are often considered to be pathological or maladaptive, some ritualized and stereotyped behaviors are beneficial. These are usually known as "fixed action patterns". These behaviors sometimes share characteristics with obsessive-compulsive behavior, including a high degree of similarity in form and use ...
A wounded orangutan was seen self-medicating with a plant known to relieve pain. It's the first time an animal has been observed applying medicine to a skin injury.