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Atorvastatin, sold under the brand name Lipitor among others, is a statin medication used to prevent cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and to treat abnormal lipid levels. [6] For the prevention of cardiovascular disease, statins are a first-line treatment. [ 6 ]
The exact mechanism responsible for the possible increased risk of diabetes mellitus associated with statin use is unclear. [105] However, recent findings have indicated the inhibition of HMGCoAR as a key mechanism. [109] Statins are thought to decrease cells' uptake of glucose from the bloodstream in response to the hormone insulin. [105]
Moreover, statins are not recommended in pregnancy as they may cause foetal harm because of their mechanism of action. [19] Metabolised by the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme, a major metabolic enzyme, simvastatin and lovastatin may accumulate in blood when administered with CYP450 inhibitors.
Statins are generally recommended for adults between the ages of 40 and 75 who have heart disease risk factors. Despite having higher risks for cardiovascular disease, fewer older adults use statins.
Similar to ezetimibe, phytosterols reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut, so they are most effective when consumed with meals. However, their precise mechanism of action differs from ezetimibe. Omega-3 supplements taken at high doses can reduce levels of triglycerides. [6] They are associated with a very modest increase in LDL (~5% ...
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