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Some high schools, to reflect the varying skill required for different course levels, will give higher numerical grades for difficult courses, often referred to as a weighted GPA. For example, two common conversion systems used in honors and Advanced Placement courses are: A = 5 or 4.5; B = 4 or 3.5 [5] C = 3 or 2.5; D = 2 or 1.5; F = 0 [19]
Different schools have used different approaches throughout history. Grade retention or repetition was essentially meaningless in the one-room schoolhouses of more than a century ago due to limited access to outside standards and the small scale of the school with only a few students in each age group, was conducive to individualized instruction.
Many, or perhaps most, law schools in the United States grade on a norm-referenced grading curve.The process generally works within each class, where the instructor grades each exam, and then ranks the exams against each other, adding to and subtracting from the initial grades so that the overall grade distribution matches the school's specified curve (usually a bell curve).
This GPA value is rounded to two decimal places, giving the student's GPA. Usually students with a requirement of both a pass in English Language and Mathematics with a minimum GPA of 3.0 are required to advance to the next year. For example, the GPA table for Raffles Girls' School and Raffles Institution (Secondary) is as follows:
The most popular and commonly used grading system in the United States uses discrete evaluation in the form of letter grades. Many schools use a GPA (grade-point average) system [73] in combination with letter grades. There are also many other systems in place. Some schools use a scale of 100 instead of letter grades.
German universities (except for law schools) grade with a scale of 1 to 5: 1.0–1.5 sehr gut (very good: an outstanding achievement) 1.6–2.5 gut (good: an achievement which lies substantially above average requirements) 2.6–3.5 befriedigend (satisfactory: an achievement which corresponds to average requirements)
David Blunkett went further and set schools the goal of ensuring 50% of 16-year-olds gained 5 GCSEs or equivalent at grade C and above, requiring schools to devise a mean for 50% of their pupils to achieve the grades previously only obtained by the top 30%, this was achieved by the summer of 2004 with the help of equivalent and largely ...
The IG-MVG system was translated into a numerical GPA like number for application purposes etc., where MVG equalled 20.0, VG 15.0, G 10.0 and IG 0 and the highest achievable GPA thus being 20.0. This system is still (2019) in use for students who started their secondary school with these grades.