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A particle swarm searching for the global minimum of a function. In computational science, particle swarm optimization (PSO) [1] is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality.
Multi-swarm optimization is a variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the use of multiple sub-swarms instead of one (standard) swarm. The general approach in multi-swarm optimization is that each sub-swarm focuses on a specific region while a specific diversification method decides where and when to launch the sub-swarms.
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Ragnarok Online (Korean: 라그나로크 온라인, Rageunarokeu Onrain marketed as Ragnarök, and alternatively subtitled The Final Destiny of the Gods) is a massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) created by Gravity based on the manhwa Ragnarok by Lee Myung-jin.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a global optimization algorithm for dealing with problems in which a best solution can be represented as a point or surface in an n-dimensional space. Hypotheses are plotted in this space and seeded with an initial velocity , as well as a communication channel between the particles.
Some authors have proposed Pareto optimality based approaches (including active power losses and reliability indices as objectives). For this purpose, different artificial intelligence based methods have been used: microgenetic, [12] branch exchange, [13] particle swarm optimization [14] and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. [15]
Ragnarok DS, known in Japan as Ragnarok Online DS (ラグナロクオンラインDS, Ragunaroku Onrain Dī Esu), is a Nintendo DS video game based on the MMORPG Ragnarok Online and was released in Japan on December 18, 2008. Xseed Games published the game in North America on February 16, 2010. The game was also released in South Korea in June ...
Crowd simulation is the process of simulating the movement (or dynamics) of a large number of entities or characters. [1] It is commonly used to create virtual scenes for visual media like films and video games, and is also used in crisis training, [2] architecture and urban planning, [3] and evacuation simulation.