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The full Laplace transform is the curve of all present values, plotted as a function of interest rate. For discrete time, where payments are separated by large time periods, the transform reduces to a sum, but when payments are ongoing on an almost continual basis, the mathematics of continuous functions can be used as an approximation.)
When using Microsoft's Excel, the "=NPV(...)" formula makes two assumptions that result in an incorrect solution. The first is that the amount of time between each item in the input array is constant and equidistant (e.g., 30 days of time between item 1 and item 2) which may not always be correct based on the cash flow that is being discounted.
Keeping the total payment per year equal to 1, the longer the period, the smaller the present value is due to two effects: The payments are made on average half a period later than in the continuous case. There is no proportional payment for the time in the period of death, i.e. a "loss" of payment for on average half a period.
The theory of the velocity of the transmission of the pulse through the circulation dates back to 1808 with the work of Thomas Young. [9] The relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial wall stiffness can be derived from Newton's second law of motion (=) applied to a small fluid element, where the force on the element equals the product of density (the mass per unit volume ...
Time value of money problems involve the net value of cash flows at different points in time. In a typical case, the variables might be: a balance (the real or nominal value of a debt or a financial asset in terms of monetary units), a periodic rate of interest, the number of periods, and a series of cash flows. (In the case of a debt, cas
Here’s what the letters represent: A is the amount of money in your account. P is your principal balance you invested. R is the annual interest rate expressed as a decimal. N is the number of ...
The Moens–Korteweg equation states that PWV is proportional to the square root of the incremental elastic modulus, (E inc), of the vessel wall given constant ratio of wall thickness, h, to vessel radius, r, and blood density, ρ, assuming that the artery wall is isotropic and experiences isovolumetric change with pulse pressure.
Example 1: Transform my list of expenses above into a table that I can copy into Excel. Example 2: Transform my list of expenses above into a table that I can copy into Google Sheets.