Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
TiCl 3 is produced usually by reduction of titanium(IV) chloride.Older reduction methods used hydrogen: [4]. 2 TiCl 4 + H 2 → 2 HCl + 2 TiCl 3. It can also be produced by the reaction of titanium metal and hot, concentrated hydrochloric acid; the reaction does not proceed at room temperature, as titanium is passivated against most mineral acids by a thin surface layer of titanium dioxide.
The McMurry reaction of benzophenone. The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry.
Hazards posed by titanium tetrachloride generally arise from its reaction with water that releases hydrochloric acid, which is severely corrosive itself and whose vapors are also extremely irritating. TiCl 4 is a strong Lewis acid, which exothermically forms adducts with even weak bases such as THF and water.
Because this reaction is highly exothermic (238 kJ/mol), the temperature is monitored, to guard against thermal degradation of the catalyst. The reaction is as follows: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 CuCl 2 → 2 CuCl + ClH 2 C-CH 2 Cl. The copper(II) chloride is regenerated by sequential reactions of the cuprous chloride with oxygen and then hydrogen chloride:
Compounds of titanium in the +2 oxidation state are rarer, examples being titanocene dicarbonyl and Ti(CH 3) 2 2. [Ti(CO) 6] 2− is formally a complex of titanium in the oxidation state of −2. [4] Although Ti(III) is involved in Ziegler–Natta catalysis, the organic derivatives of Ti(III) are uncommon. One example is the dimer [Cp 2 Ti III ...
A stream of titanium tetrachloride gas is added to a stream of molten sodium; the products (sodium chloride salt and titanium particles) is filtered from the extra sodium. Titanium is then separated from the salt by water washing. Both sodium and chlorine are recycled to produce and process more titanium tetrachloride. [78]
Titanium(III) compounds are characteristically violet, illustrated by this aqueous solution of titanium trichloride. Titanium tetrachloride (titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4 [ 18 ] ) is a colorless volatile liquid (commercial samples are yellowish) that, in air, hydrolyzes with spectacular emission of white clouds.
Titanium tetrachloride was found to reduce with hydrogen at high temperatures to give hydrides that can be thermally processed to the pure metal. With these three ideas as background, Kroll in Luxembourg developed both new reductants and new apparatus for the reduction of titanium tetrachloride. Its high reactivity toward trace amounts of water ...