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In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}
A real number a can be regarded as a complex number a + 0i, whose imaginary part is 0. A purely imaginary number bi is a complex number 0 + bi, whose real part is zero. It is common to write a + 0i = a, 0 + bi = bi, and a + (−b)i = a − bi; for example, 3 + (−4)i = 3 − 4i.
(,) is given and () is real on the real axis, 3. only (,) is given, 4. only (,) is given. He is really interested in problems 3 and 4, but the answers to the easier problems 1 and 2 are needed for proving the answers to problems 3 and 4.
A complex function is a function from complex numbers to complex numbers. In other words, it is a function that has a (not necessarily proper) subset of the complex numbers as a domain and the complex numbers as a codomain. Complex functions are generally assumed to have a domain that contains a nonempty open subset of the complex plane.
More precisely, let f be a function from a complex curve M to the complex numbers. This function is holomorphic (resp. meromorphic) in a neighbourhood of a point z of M if there is a chart ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } such that f ∘ ϕ − 1 {\displaystyle f\circ \phi ^{-1}} is holomorphic (resp. meromorphic) in a neighbourhood of ϕ ( z ...
Figure 1. This Argand diagram represents the complex number lying on a plane.For each point on the plane, arg is the function which returns the angle . In mathematics (particularly in complex analysis), the argument of a complex number z, denoted arg(z), is the angle between the positive real axis and the line joining the origin and z, represented as a point in the complex plane, shown as in ...
PARI/GP is a computer algebra system that facilitates number-theory computation. Besides support of factoring, algebraic number theory, and analysis of elliptic curves, it works with mathematical objects like matrices, polynomials, power series, algebraic numbers, and transcendental functions. [3]
The concept can be used to provide contour integration values of certain contour integral problems considered in the residue theorem. According to the residue theorem , for a meromorphic function f {\displaystyle f} , the residue at point a k {\displaystyle a_{k}} is given as: