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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP) are a family of coordination compounds developed in the 1940s that feature zinc bound to the anion of a dialkyldithiophosphoric salt (e.g., ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate). [1]
zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP), probably the most widely used [2] in formulated engine oils, also acts as a corrosion inhibitor and antioxidant Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), used for high-temperature operation, often used as an AW and EP additive in turbine engine lubricants, and also in some crankcase oils and hydraulic fluids
Oil-soluble organophosphates, with or without zinc, have excellent high-pressure and antiwear properties, and provide corrosion protection especially in presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) start decomposing at 130-170 °C, while the activation temperature of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) typically exceeds 200 ...
A formulated oil will often have KOH (potassium hydroxide), a strong base, in small amounts, as it is an effective neutralizer used in refining petroleum. [5] Additives that perform a similar function in a motor oil include magnesium and calcium sulphonates, salicylates, and phenates. [4] These are the detergent additives mentioned previously.
Clincher tires can be mounted on straight-side or crochet-type rims. Crochet-type rims are not the same as hooked-bead rims. Such tires are designated with their nominal section width and their nominal rim diameter, separated by a hyphen (-). Both are measured in millimeters. A typical example of a tire marking according to ISO 5775-1 is:
Although crude oil assays evaluate various chemical properties of the oil, the two most important properties determining a crude's value are its density (measured as API specific gravity) and its sulphur content (measured per mass). Crude oil is considered "heavy" if it has long hydrocarbon chains, or "light" if it has short hydrocarbon chains ...
Tire balance measurement is a test where the tire is automatically placed on wheel halves, rotated at a high speed and measured for imbalance. Large commercial truck/bus tires, as well as some passenger and light truck tires, are inspected by X-ray or magnetic induction based inspection machines, that can penetrate the rubber to analyze the ...
Cutaway diagram of a rim and tire from an ATV Cross section of a bicycle rim A wooden bicycle rim with tubular tire. The rim is the "outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire". [1] It makes up the outer circular design of the wheel on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. [2]