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Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor in dogs and typically affects middle-aged large and giant breed dogs such as Irish Wolfhounds, Greyhounds, German Shepherds, Rottweilers, mountain breeds (Great Pyrenees, St. Bernard, Leonberger, Newfoundland), Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes. It has a 10-fold greater incidence in dogs than humans. [33]
Soft tissue sarcoma refers to a broad group of tumors that originate from connective tissues. They tend to have similar histologic appearance and biological behavior, and can be either benign or malignant. Soft tissue sarcomas can arise in any part of the pet's body but skin and subcutaneous tumors are the most commonly observed.
These tumors can develop on the skin, subcutaneously, or on a blood vessel within an organ and are highly malignant. The tumors are most fatal when they rupture, causing the dog to suffer from severe loss of blood, or hypovolemia. [6] Dogs are one of three mammalian species that are known to suffer from a transmissible cancer. [7]
A bone sarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour, a type of sarcoma that starts in the bones. [1] This is in contrast to most bone cancers that are secondary having developed as a metastasis from another cancer. Bone sarcomas are rare, and mostly affect the legs. The other type of sarcoma is a soft-tissue sarcoma.
Saos-2 ("sarcoma osteogenic") is a cell line derived from the primary osteosarcoma of an 11-year-old Caucasian girl in 1973 by Fogh et al. [1] The cell line is commonly used in bone cancer research as a model for testing novel therapies.
This two sided appearance is generated due to a tumor (or growth) that is growing at a rate which is faster than the periosteum can grow or expand, so instead of dimpling, the periosteum tears away and provides ossification on the second edge of the triangle. [2] The advancing tumour displaces the periosteum away from the bone medulla.
Onion skin periosteal reaction is seen in osteosarcoma, [2] Ewing sarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. [3] In radiological images, onion skin periosteal reaction is seen as radiolucent areas along the multiple layers of dense bone. [4] The lucent areas may be occupied by tumors or inflammation.
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). [1] [4] Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate. [1] There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure. [1]