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Modern English commonly uses the objective case for vocative expressions but sets them off from the rest of the sentences with pauses as interjections, rendered in writing as commas (the vocative comma [3] [4]). Two common examples of vocative expressions in English are the phrases "Mr. President" and "Madam Chairwoman". [clarification needed]
The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press. p. 464. ISBN 0-19-280087-6. Cobbett, William (1883). A Grammar of the English Language, In a Series of Letters: Intended for the Use of Schools and of Young Persons in General, but more especially for the use of Soldiers, Sailors, Apprentices, and Plough-Boys. New York and ...
The Oxford English Dictionary dates written examples of calling ships she to at least 1308 (in the Middle English period), in materials translated from French, which has grammatical gender. [19] One modern source claims that ships were treated as masculine in early English, and that this changed to feminine by the sixteenth century.
The Second Edition added over 3,000 new words, senses and phrases drawn from the Oxford English Corpus. [1] The New Oxford American Dictionary is the American version of the Oxford Dictionary of English, with substantial editing and uses a diacritical respelling scheme rather than the IPA system. [citation needed]
Much more than Bacon's later linguistic works, the Summa Grammatica lies in the mainstream of 13th-century analysis. [3] The first part borrows directly from Robert Kilwardby's commentary on Priscian. [6] [7] More generally, the work reflects the speculative grammar taught at Oxford in such 13th-century works as the Logica cum Sit Nostra. [8]
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house. The dictionary, which published its first edition in 1884, traces the historical development of the English language, providing a comprehensive resource to ...
The personal pronouns of Modern English retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class (a remnant of the more extensive case system of Old English). For other pronouns, and all nouns, adjectives, and articles, grammatical function is indicated only by word order , by prepositions , and by the " Saxon genitive " ( -'s ).
The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology is a 2013 book by Laurie Bauer, Rochelle Lieber and Ingo Plag in which the authors provide "a comprehensive reference volume covering the whole of contemporary English morphology". [1] [2] [3] In 2015 the authors were the recipients of the Linguistic Society of America's Leonard Bloomfield Book ...