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Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD), ... Extremophiles known as acidophiles especially favor the low pH levels of abandoned mines.
Upon exposure to oxygen (O 2) and water (H 2 O), metal sulfides undergo oxidation to produce metal-rich acidic effluent. If the pH is low enough to overcome the natural buffering capacity of the surrounding rocks (‘calcium carbonate equivalent’ or ‘acid neutralising capacity’), the surrounding area may become acidic, as well as contaminated with high levels of heavy metals.
It may also have a high water temperature and an altered pH, though the characteristics of abandoned mine drainage depend heavily on the area's geochemistry. [5] Other signs of abandoned mine drainage include high sulfate levels and siltation. [3] Acid mine drainage has a pH of less than 7, while alkaline mine drainage has a pH of greater than ...
The drainage water from the Iron Mountain Mine is the most acidic water naturally found on Earth; some samples collected in 1990 and 1991 have been measured to have a pH value of -3.6. [3] Water temperatures as high as 47 °C have been measured underground.
The pH of the stream itself ranges from 3.6 to 8.4, while the pH of the abandoned mine drainage ranges from 2.9 to 7.4. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in Mahanoy Creek ranges from 2.5 to 13.1 milligrams per liter, while the concentration in the watershed's abandoned mine drainage ranges from 0.1 to 9.7 milligrams per liter. The dissolved ...
It is filled to a depth of about 900 feet (270 m) with water that is acidic (4.1 - 4.5 pH level), about the acidity of beer or tomatoes. [1] As a result, the pit's water is laden with heavy metals and dissolved metals that leach from the rock in a natural process known as acid rock drainage.