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The Gordon-Loeb model provides a framework for determining how much to invest in cybersecurity, using a cost-benefit approach. The model includes the following key components: Organizational data vulnerable to cyber-attacks, with vulnerability denoted by v (0 ≤ v ≤ 1), representing the probability of a breach occurring under current conditions.
Exploits are designed to identify flaws, bypass security measures, gain unauthorized access to systems, take control of systems, install malware, or steal sensitive data. While an exploit by itself may not be a malware, it serves as a vehicle for delivering malicious software by breaching security controls. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Industroyer [1] (also referred to as Crashoverride) is a malware framework considered to have been used in the cyberattack on Ukraine’s power grid on 17 December 2016. [2] [3] [4] The attack cut a fifth of Kyiv, the capital, off power for one hour and is considered to have been a large-scale test.
Flame is an uncharacteristically large program for malware at 20 megabytes. It is written partly in the Lua scripting language with compiled C++ code linked in, and allows other attack modules to be loaded after initial infection. [6] [19] The malware uses five different encryption methods and an SQLite database to store structured information. [1]
New variants attack mobile phone banking information. [69] Anti-Spyware 2011, a Trojan horse that attacks Windows 9x, 2000, XP, Vista, and Windows 7, posing as an anti-spyware program. It disables security-related processes of anti-virus programs, while also blocking access to the Internet, which prevents updates. [70]
Recently, the world has seen a rise in the number and severity of cyber attacks, data breaches, malware infections, and online fraud incidents. According to cyber security and ai company SonicWall, the number of ransomware attacks grew by 105% globally.
The cyber kill chain is the process by which perpetrators carry out cyberattacks. [2] Lockheed Martin adapted the concept of the kill chain from a military setting to information security, using it as a method for modeling intrusions on a computer network. [3] The cyber kill chain model has seen some adoption in the information security ...
Conficker, also known as Downup, Downadup and Kido, is a computer worm targeting the Microsoft Windows operating system that was first detected in November 2008. [2] It uses flaws in Windows OS software (MS08-067 / CVE-2008-4250) [3] [4] and dictionary attacks on administrator passwords to propagate while forming a botnet, and has been unusually difficult to counter because of its combined use ...