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Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [ 3 ] [ 8 ] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe.
These guidelines provided physical activity recommendations for people aged six years and older, including those with many chronic health conditions and disabilities. The science-based Guidelines recommend a total amount of physical activity per week to achieve a range of health benefits. In 2018, HHS released an update to the first set of ...
As water retention increases, weight gain may also occur. [1] More severe symptoms include pulmonary edema and hyponatremic encephalopathy. [5] Symptoms of hyponatremic encephalopathy are associated with an altered level of consciousness and can include sullenness, sleepiness, withdrawing from social interaction, photophobia, and seizures. [4]
Tea and toast syndrome is a form of malnutrition commonly experienced by elderly people who cannot prepare meals and tend to themselves. The term is not intrinsic to tea or bread products only; rather, it describes limited dietary patterns that lead to reduced calories resulting in a deficiency of vitamins and other nutrients.
Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. [1] The term "hypotonic hyponatremia" is also sometimes used.[2]When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020–2025) outline four principles for healthy eating habits: Dietary patterns should shift with each stage of life; Enjoy nutrient-rich food and beverages that adhere to one's budget and reflect one's personal preferences and cultural traditions; Meet food group needs and stay within calorie limits
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Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause, accounting for 40-80% of cases (Mirzapure et al., 2022; Chulakadabba et al., 2020). Geriatric patients with dementia often have comorbidities and other geriatric syndromes, requiring holistic and integrated care (Chulakadabba et al., 2020; Nguyen et al., 2023).