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The application of thermal pipe insulation introduces thermal resistance and reduces the heat flow. Thicknesses of thermal pipe insulation used for saving energy vary, but as a general rule, pipes operating at more-extreme temperatures exhibit a greater heat flow and larger thicknesses are applied due to the greater potential savings. [3]
Glass fibers have been produced for centuries, but the earliest patent was awarded to the Prussian inventor Hermann Hammesfahr (1845–1914) in the U.S. in 1880. [3] [4]Mass production of glass strands was accidentally discovered in 1932 when Games Slayter, a researcher at Owens-Illinois, directed a jet of compressed air at a stream of molten glass and produced fibers.
3.0: 24 Fiberglass batts [9] 2.54: 1 0.55–0.76: 3.1–4.3: 22–30 Cotton batts (blue jean insulation) [10] [11] 2.54: 1 0.65: 3.7: 26 Molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) low-density 2.54: 1 0.65: 3.85: 26 Sheep's wool batt [12] 2.54: 1 0.65: 3.7: 26 Icynene spray [7] [13] 2.54: 1 0.63: 3.6: 25 Open-cell polyurethane spray foam 2.54: 1 0.63: 3. ...
Sheep's wool insulation is a very efficient thermal insulator with a similar performance to fiberglass, approximately R13-R16 for a 4-inch-thick layer. [22] Sheep's wool has no reduction in performance even when condensation is present, but its fire retarding treatment can deteriorate through repeated moisture. [ 23 ]
Owens Corning is an American company that develops and produces insulation, roofing, and fiberglass composites and related products. It is the world's largest manufacturer of fiberglass composites. [3] [4] It was formed in 1935 as a partnership between two major American glassworks, Corning Glass Works and Owens-Illinois. The company employs ...
Polyethylene plastic sheet, 4 or 6 thou (0.10 or 0.15 mm), 0.03 US perm (1.7 SI perm). Advanced Polyethylene vapor retarders that pass the ASTM E 1745 standard tests ≤0.3 US perm (17 SI perm). Asphalt-coated kraft paper, often attached to one side of fiberglass batts, 0.40 US perm (22 SI perm). Metallized film