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Seacoast defense was a major concern for the United States from its independence until World War II. Before airplanes, many of America's enemies could only reach it from the sea, making coastal forts an economical alternative to standing armies or a large navy. Substantial fortifications were built at key locations, especially protecting major ...
In 1885 the Board of Fortifications, chaired by Secretary of War William C. Endicott, met to lay the groundwork for a new coast defense system. New defenses were recommended for 27 harbors and river estuaries; most of the board's recommendations were implemented in what was often called the Endicott Program.
Coastal defence (or defense) and coastal fortification are measures taken to provide protection against military attack at or near a coastline (or other shoreline), [1] for example, fortifications and coastal artillery.
However, a few harbor defense batteries manned AA batteries in the campaign. [29] Most of the AA batteries at the harbor forts were manned by the 60th Coast Artillery (AA). The War Department had been intending to send three additional AA regiments and two brigade headquarters, however only one was sent before the Japanese invasion in December ...
The weapon is possibly a German-made 28 cm SK L/40 gun on a coast defense mount. Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications . [ 1 ]
Endicott Period battery with two guns on disappearing carriages 10-inch disappearing gun at Battery Granger, Fort Hancock, New Jersey. In 1885, US President Grover Cleveland appointed a joint Army, Navy and civilian board, headed by Secretary of War William Crowninshield Endicott, known as the Board of Fortifications (now usually referred to simply as the Endicott Board).
The present Fort Delaware was erected mainly between 1848 and 1860 as one of the larger forts of the third system of U.S. seacoast defense fortifications. Although major construction was wrapped up before the American Civil War (1861-1865), the post engineer did not declare the fort finished until 1868. [17]
Coastal fortifications in Scotland; Sea mark; Seacoast defense in the United States; Seesaw searchlight; Seymour Tower; Shimonoseki Fortress; Shivering Sands Army Fort; Slough Fort; Subi Reef; Submarine mines in United States harbor defense; Südwall; Sunchado cannons; Suomenlinna; Svartholm fortress