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Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream that are alive and capable of reproducing. It is a type of bloodstream infection. [36] Bacteremia is defined as either a primary or secondary process. In primary bacteremia, bacteria have been directly introduced into the bloodstream. [37] Injection drug use may lead to primary bacteremia.
S. sanguinis may gain entrance to the bloodstream when opportunity presents (dental cleanings and surgeries) and colonize the heart valves, particularly the mitral and aortic valves, where it is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. For this reason, oral surgeons often prescribe a short course of antibiotics to be taken a ...
Bacterial meningitis, for instance, "requires immediate intravenous antibiotics and sometimes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, while viral meningitis usually resolves on its own with rest ...
Bacterial skin infections include: Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection commonly seen in children. [17] It is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. [18] Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacterial infection [19] of the deeper skin layers that spreads via with lymphatic system.
Moraxella catarrhalis has also been linked with septic arthritis in conjunction with bacteremia. [14] Although cases of bacteremia caused by M. catarrhalis have been reported before, this was the first instance in which bacteremia caused by M. catarrhalis was also associated with septic arthritis.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans can cause infections such as bacteremia, [3] [4] especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. [5] In 2013, the complete genome of an A. xylosoxidans strain from a patient with cystic fibrosis was sequenced .
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. [6] [12] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. [2] The discharge is usually white or gray in color. [2] Burning with urination may occur. [2] Itching is uncommon. [2] [6] Occasionally, there may be no ...
Gram stain of cells from the vagina (the same magnification) with normal bacterial flora (top) and the bacteria that cause vaginosis (bottom). A variety of diagnosis techniques are currently available for identifying Gardnerella vaginalis such as the OSOM BV Blue assay, FemExam cards and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), resulting in the determination of ongoing BV.