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Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air.
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .
Al — an aluminum ion sitting on an aluminum lattice site, with a neutral charge. Ni × Cu — a nickel ion sitting on a copper lattice site, with neutral charge. v • Cl — a chlorine vacancy, with single positive charge. Ca •• i — a calcium interstitial ion, with double positive charge. Cl ′
The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons [2] (e.g. K + (potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons. [3] (e.g. Cl − (chloride ion) and OH − ...
There are many mixed oxides containing aluminium where there are no discrete or polymeric aluminate ions. The spinels with a generic formula A 2+ B 3+ 2 O 2− 4 that contain aluminium as Al 3+, such as the mineral spinel itself, MgAl 2 O 4 are mixed oxides with cubic close packed O atoms and aluminium Al 3+ in octahedral positions.
Alchemical symbols were used to denote chemical elements and compounds, as well as alchemical apparatus and processes, until the 18th century. Although notation was ...
Other alums are named after the monovalent ion, such as sodium alum and ammonium alum. The name "alum" is also used, more generally, for salts with the same formula and structure, except that aluminium is replaced by another trivalent metal ion like chromium III, or sulfur is replaced by another chalcogen like selenium. [1]
Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry, mainly for chemical elements; but also for functional groups, chemical compounds, and other entities. Element symbols for chemical elements, also known as atomic symbols, normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised.