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Symbol of Mesha month. Meṣa, or Mesha (मेष), is a month in the Indian solar calendar. [1] [2] It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of Aries, and overlaps with about the second half of April and about the first half of May in the Gregorian calendar. [1] Generally Mesha month starts on 13th or 14th of April, called as Mesha Sankranti.
In Gujarat, the regional year commences with the lunar month of Kartika after Diwali. [13] The solar element of lunisolar calendars begin the year on Mesha Sankranti. This day is observed by people across India, even in regions which begin the new year using the lunar calendar. However, some regions also begin the regional new year on Mesha ...
Underhill (1991) describes this part of Hindu calendar theory: "when the sun is in perigee, and a lunar month being at its longest, if the new moon immediately precedes a sankranti, then the first of the two lunar months is deleted (called nija or kshaya)." This, for example, happened in the year 1 BCE, when there was no new moon between Makara ...
The traditional Indian calendar is based on lunar positions, Sankranti is a solar event. The date of Makar Sankranti remains constant over a long term, 14 January or occasionally, 15 January as the Sun begins to rise in Makara Râshi. Mesha Sankranti: Marks the beginning of the New Year in the traditional Hindu Solar Calendar.
In lunar calendars, a lunar month is the time between two successive syzygies of the same type: new moons or full moons. The precise definition varies, especially for the beginning of the month. The precise definition varies, especially for the beginning of the month.
In Vedic timekeeping, a māsa is a lunar month, a pakṣa is a lunar fortnight, and a tithi is a lunar day. There are two prevailing definitions of the lunar month: amānta, where the month ends with the new moon, and pūrṇimānta, where it ends with the full moon. [3] Consequently, the same day may be associated with different but adjoining ...
A candra māna varṣa or lunar year is made up of 12 consecutive candramāsa. [5] These twelve candramāsa are designated by unique names caitra, vaiśākha, etc. [note 2] In some instances an additional candramāsa, known as an adhikamāsa, is added to synchronise the candra māna varṣa with the solar year or saura māna varṣa.
The traditional lunar calendar system measures time based on the Moon's phases and its relation to the Sun. Unlike solar calendars, it uses units such as tithi (lunar day), pakṣa (lunar fortnight), māsa (lunar month), ṛitu (season), ayanam (half-year), and varsha (lunar year) to structure the year. [ 17 ]