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A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy excited state levels (higher energy levels). ). "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have half-lives 100 to 1000 times longer than the half-lives of the excited nuclear states that decay with a "prompt" half life (ordinarily on the order of 10
Induced gamma emission is an example of interdisciplinary research bordering on both nuclear physics and quantum electronics. Viewed as a nuclear reaction it would belong to a class in which only photons were involved in creating and destroying states of nuclear excitation. It is a class usually overlooked in traditional discussions.
The hafnium controversy was a debate over the possibility of "triggering" rapid energy releases, via gamma-ray emission, from 178m2 Hf, a nuclear isomer of hafnium.The energy release per event is 5 orders of magnitude (100,000 times) higher than in a typical chemical reaction, but 2 orders of magnitude less than a nuclear fission reaction.
Technetium-99m (99m Tc) is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99 (itself an isotope of technetium), symbolized as 99m Tc, that is used in tens of millions of medical diagnostic procedures annually, making it the most commonly used medical radioisotope in the world.
Nuclear isomers are members of a set of nuclides with equal proton number and equal mass number (thus making them by definition the same isotope), but different states of excitation. An example is the two states of the single isotope 99 43 Tc shown among the decay schemes. Each of these two states (technetium-99m and technetium-99) qualifies as ...
An example of a series of isobars is 40 S, 40 Cl, 40 Ar, 40 K, and 40 Ca. While the nuclei of these nuclides all contain 40 nucleons, they contain varying numbers of protons and neutrons. [1] The term "isobars" (originally "isobares") for nuclides was suggested by British chemist Alfred Walter Stewart in 1918. [2]
The latter activity was later assigned to a K-isomer in 250 No. [14] The reaction was reported in 2006 by Peterson et al. at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in a study of SF in 250 No. They detected two activities with half-lives of 3.7 μs and 43 μs and both assigned to 250 No, the latter associated with a K-isomer. [ 15 ]
This is related to nuclear magic numbers, the number of nucleons forming complete shells within the nucleus, e.g. 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. No more than one observationally stable nuclide has the same odd neutron number, except for 1 ( 2 H and 3 He), 5 ( 9 Be and 10 B), 7 ( 13 C and 14 N), 55 ( 97 Mo and 99 Ru), and 107 ( 179 Hf and 180m Ta).