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A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy excited state levels (higher energy levels). ). "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have half-lives 100 to 1000 times longer than the half-lives of the excited nuclear states that decay with a "prompt" half life (ordinarily on the order of 10
The hafnium controversy was a debate over the possibility of "triggering" rapid energy releases, via gamma-ray emission, from 178m2 Hf, a nuclear isomer of hafnium.The energy release per event is 5 orders of magnitude (100,000 times) higher than in a typical chemical reaction, but 2 orders of magnitude less than a nuclear fission reaction.
The isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines is the energy or frequency shift in atomic spectra, which occurs when one replaces one nuclear isomer by another. The effect was predicted by Richard M. Weiner [2] in 1956, whose calculations showed that it should be measurable by atomic (optical) spectroscopy (see also [3]).
The first printed edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart of 1958 in the form of a wall chart was created by Walter Seelmann-Eggebert and his assistant Gerda Pfennig. Walter Seelmann-Eggebert was director of the Radiochemistry Institute in the 1956 founded "Kernreaktor Bau- und Betriebsgesellschaft mbH" in Karlsruhe, Germany (a predecessor institution of the later "(Kern-)Forschungszentrum ...
Isomer shift can be expressed using the formula below, where K is a nuclear constant, the difference between R e 2 and R g 2 is the effective nuclear charge radius difference between excited state and the ground state, and the difference between [Ψ s 2 (0)] a and [Ψ s 2 (0)] b is the electron density difference in the nucleus (a = source, b ...
the gravest concern at the nuclear test conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (“the DPRK”) on 25 May 2009 (local time) in violation of resolution 1718 (2006), and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (“the NPT”) and to international efforts
In a recent study by the GSI into K-isomerism in even-even isotopes, a K-isomer with a half-life of 110 ms was detected for 252 No. A spin and parity of 8 − was assigned to the isomer. 250 No. In 2003, scientists at the FLNR reported that they had been able to synthesise 249 No, which decayed by SF with a half-life of 54 μs.
o o o s. c: o thO 00 . Created Date: 9/20/2007 3:37:18 PM