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The use of personal protective equipment may substantially reduce the risk of adverse health effects from contact with hazardous materials. [2] Long-term exposure to chemical hazards such as silica dust, engine exhausts, tobacco smoke, and lead (among others) have been shown to increase risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. [3]
Chemicals in use in industry and research have a range of properties which cause them to be hazardous to life. These include explosiveness, flammability, toxicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. [4] Corrosive substances such as strong alkalis or acids can cause chemical burning. Any one chemical or mixture may exhibit several of these ...
Hazardous material – Solids, liquids, or gases harmful to people, other organisms, property or the environment; Natural hazard – Conditions that could lead to a natural disaster; Occupational hazard – Hazard experienced in the workplace; Hazardous waste – Ignitable, reactive, corrosive and/or toxic unwanted or unusable materials
Toxic: a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC 50) in air of more than 200 parts per million (ppm) but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats ...
Cultural heritage collections contain many materials known to be hazardous to the environment and to human health. Some hazardous substances may be an integral part of the object (such as a toxic paint pigment or a naturally radioactive mineral sample), applied as a treatment after the object was made (such as a pesticide) or the result of material degradation (such as the exudation of ...
The pictogram for harmful substances of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around ...
The geographical extent of sources may be very large. For example, up to one-sixth of China's arable land might be affected by heavy metal contamination. [23] Lead is the most prevalent heavy metal contaminant. [24] As a component of tetraethyl lead, (CH 3 CH 2) 4 Pb, it was used extensively in gasoline during the 1930s–1970s. [25]
A hazard only exists if there is a pathway to exposure. As an example, the center of the Earth consists of molten material at very high temperatures which would be a severe hazard if contact was made with the core. However, there is no feasible way of making contact with the core, therefore the center of the Earth currently poses no hazard.