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Silicon dioxide is a relatively inert material (hence its widespread occurrence as a mineral). Silica is often used as inert containers for chemical reactions. At high temperatures, it is converted to silicon by reduction with carbon. Fluorine reacts with silicon dioxide to form SiF 4 and O 2 whereas the other halogen gases (Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 ...
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
Hydrated silica is a form of silicon dioxide, which has a variable amount of water in the formula. When dissolved in water, it is usually known as silicic acid. It is found in nature as opal [2] (which has been mined as a gemstone for centuries), and in the cell walls of diatoms.
The Stöber process is a chemical process used to prepare silica (SiO 2) particles [1] of controllable and uniform size [2] for applications in materials science.It was pioneering [3] when it was reported by Werner Stöber and his team in 1968, [1] and remains today the most widely used wet chemistry synthetic approach to silica nanoparticles. [3]
Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na 2 O.It is used in ceramics and glasses.It is a white solid but the compound is rarely encountered. Instead "sodium oxide" is used to describe components of various materials such as glasses and fertilizers which contain oxides that include sodium and other elements.
[4] [5] [6] Dehydrating the latter yields a hard translucent form of silica with atomic-scale pores, called silica gel, which is widely used as water absorbent and drying agent. Silica dissolves very sparingly in water [citation needed] and is present in seawater at concentrations below 100 parts per million. In such dilute solutions, silica is ...
Sulfuric acid and sodium silicate solutions are added simultaneously with agitation to water. Precipitation is carried out under acidic or basic conditions. The choice of agitation, duration of precipitation, the addition rate of reactants, their temperature and concentration and pH can vary the properties of the resulting silica. The formation ...