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The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [1] Dissociation of the deviation is brought about by presenting a red line image to one eye and a white light to the other, while prisms are used to superimpose these and effectively measure the angle of deviation (horizontal and vertical).
Apart from testing binocular functions, Bagolini striated glasses can measure cyclotropia.The principle of the test is similar to that of double Maddox rod test. The glasses are placed in the trial frames with the striations vertical, giving rise to two horizontal line images when viewing a spotlight.
Young children with strabismus normally suppress the visual field of one eye (or part of it), whereas adults who develop strabismus normally do not suppress and therefore suffer from double vision . This also means that adults (and older children) have a higher risk of post-operative diplopia after undergoing strabismus surgery than young children.
The test results are only useful in combination with other testing and results and not on their own; If performing the test twice, for example at near and at distance, the patient (especially children) may remember their previous answer and simply give the same answer from the last test, providing inaccurate results [1]
Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced in relation to each other. [1] Also called double vision , it is a loss of visual focus under regular conditions, and is often voluntary.
Young children adopt a compensatory head position in order to compensate for the underacting superior oblique muscle, [2] or have a tendency to close one eye whilst reading. [3] The characteristic head tilt is usually away from the affected side to reduce eye strain and prevent double vision ( diplopia ).
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The Maddox Wing test is performed at near with the instrument held in reading position, slightly inferior (approximately 15° depression and 33 cm away). The room or location of the test should be brightly illuminated and the patient's optical correction (e.g. glasses, bifocals, multifocals, contact lens) is required to be worn.