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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
This Zhuyin table is a complete listing of all Zhuyin (Bopomofo) syllables used in the Republic of China as auxiliary to Chinese language studies while in Mainland China an adaptation of the Latin alphabet is used to represent Chinese phonemes in the Pinyin system. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows ...
The characters indicate that the chart is the first (第一) one in the book, and that the syllables of this chart are "inner" (內) and "open" (開). The columns of each table classify syllables according to their initial consonant (shēngmǔ 聲母 lit. 'sound mother'), with syllables beginning with a vowel considered to have a "zero initial ...
Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; Final of i, u, ü group is a modified combination of: i+Group a final; u+Group a final; ü+Group a final; syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)
When stress is on the final, the vowel is written with an accent: mori 'mulberries' and morì 'he/she died'. Some monosyllabic words are also differentiated with an accent: e /e/ 'and' and è /ɛ/ 'he/she is'.
One-syllable prepositions usually form a unit with following words. Therefore, the stress moves to the prepositions, ˈ Praha ('Prague') → ˈ do Prahy ('to Prague'). This rule is not always applied in words which have four or more syllables: e.g. either ˈ na kolo ˌ nádě or na ˈ kolo ˌ nádě ('on the colonnade') are possible.
In words where stress is on the final syllable, that syllable also bears the high pitch. [13] This high pitch is a remnant of the high-pitched word-final stress of early Old Welsh (derived from original penultimate stress in Common Brittonic by the loss of final syllables); the stress shift from final to penultimate occurred in the Old Welsh ...
Cree syllabics were developed for Ojibwe by James Evans, a missionary in what is now Manitoba in the 1830s. Evans had originally adapted the Latin script to Ojibwe (see Evans system), but after learning of the success of the Cherokee syllabary, [additional citation(s) needed] he experimented with invented scripts based on his familiarity with shorthand and Devanagari.