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In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape. One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular: The eccentricity of a circle is 0. The eccentricity of an ellipse which is not a circle is between 0 and 1.
The mean eccentricity of an object is the average eccentricity as a result of perturbations over a given time period. Neptune currently has an instant (current epoch ) eccentricity of 0.011 3 , [ 13 ] but from 1800 to 2050 has a mean eccentricity of 0.008 59 .
Orbital eccentricity, in astrodynamics, a measure of the non-circularity of an orbit; Eccentric anomaly, the angle between the direction of periapsis and the current position of an object on its orbit; Eccentricity vector, in celestial mechanics, a dimensionless vector with direction pointing from apoapsis to periapsis
Often called the impact parameter, this is important in physics and astronomy, and measure the distance a particle will miss the focus by if its journey is unperturbed by the body at the focus. [citation needed] The semi-minor axis and the semi-major axis are related through the eccentricity, as follows:
The eccentricity of an orbit is a measure of how elliptical (elongated) it is. All the planets of the Solar System except for Mercury have near-circular orbits (e<0.1). [8] Most exoplanets with orbital periods of 20 days or less have near-circular orbits, i.e. very low eccentricity.
Eccentricity measures the departure of this ellipse from circularity. The shape of the Earth's orbit varies between nearly circular (theoretically the eccentricity can hit zero) and mildly elliptical (highest eccentricity was 0.0679 in the last 250 million years). [7] Its geometric or logarithmic mean is 0.0019.
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital plane or axis of direction of the orbiting object.
The eccentricity ϵ(v) of a vertex v is the greatest distance between v and any other vertex; in symbols, = (,). It can be thought of as how far a node is from the node most distant from it in the graph. The radius r of a graph is the minimum eccentricity of any vertex or, in symbols,