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Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 C 5 H 2 O 2 OH. It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae , which has the Japanese common name koji .
Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is used as a skin bleacher. Its biochemical mechanism is unclear. [6] Side effects may include sun sensitivity, skin redness, thickening, or itching. [6] Low concentrations may be used in cosmetics. [6] Kojic acid has been found to be an effective lightener in some studies and is also allowed to be used in cosmetics. [6]
These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4] A. parasiticus also has the ability to produce kojic acid, aspergillic acid, nitropropionic acid and aspertoxin [1] as secondary antimicrobial metabolites in response to different environments, all of which can be useful in identification. [10]
In fact, one of the most powerful skin brighteners, kojic acid, is derived from mushrooms, and is is well-known to even skin tone, says Marisa Garshick, MD, a board-certified dermatologist at MDCS ...
Other active ingredients: While kojic acid works well on its own, its effects are even better when paired with other brightening agents, such as niacinamide and azelaic acid.
The gentler formulation means it's likely to have fewer side effects as well. ... Glycolic acid (AHA), vitamin B5, kojic acid, amino acids| Other benefits: Oil free, non-comedogenic.
Other principal ingredients that are used in skin lightening cosmetics are arbutin and kojic acid. [8] Arbutin, often also called bearberry, can be converted by the body into hydroquinone. [11] Kojic acid was developed as a safer alternative to hydroquinone, however it is less effective at lightening and also carcinogenic. [12]
Castilla recommends this dark spot corrector for its trio of brightening ingredients: kojic acid, niacinamide, and tranexamic acid. The brand recommends applying it twice a day by using three to ...