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But for an instantaneous fuel consumption rate, the thermal efficiency may be better. The theoretical limit for a conventional furnace's instantaneous efficiency is 100%, whereas a heat pump used for building heating may exceed 100%. For example, a COP of 1.5 is equivalent to 150%. Heat pumps are readily available for electric and gas sources. [3]
For example, an ideal fuel cell operating at a temperature of 25 °C having gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen as inputs and liquid water as the output could produce a theoretical maximum amount of electrical energy of 237.129 kJ (0.06587 kWh) per gram mol (18.0154 gram) of water produced and would require 48.701 kJ (0.01353 kWh) per gram mol ...
The inverse of the energy efficiency in transport is the energy consumption in transport. Energy efficiency in transport is often described in terms of fuel consumption, fuel consumption being the reciprocal of fuel economy. [10] Nonetheless, fuel consumption is linked with a means of propulsion which uses liquid fuels, whilst energy efficiency ...
They determined that the cost of a ton of oil fuel used in steam engines was $5.04 and yielded 20.37 train miles system wide on average. Diesel fuel cost $11.61 but produced 133.13 train miles per ton. In effect, diesels ran six times as far as steamers utilizing fuel that cost only twice as much.
Energy consumption (reciprocal efficiency) [3] is expressed terms of fuel consumption: [2] volume of fuel (or total energy) consumed per unit distance per vehicle; e.g. l/100 km or MJ/100 km. volume of fuel (or total energy) consumed per unit distance per passenger; e.g., l/(100 passenger·km).
The issue is still subject of numerous studies, and prompting academic argument. That's mainly because the "energy invested" critically depends on technology, methodology, and system boundary assumptions, resulting in a range from a maximum of 2000 kWh/m 2 of module area down to a minimum of 300 kWh/m 2 with a median value of 585 kWh/m 2 according to a meta-study from 2013.
Specific Pump Power (SPP) is a metric in fluid dynamics that quantifies the energy-efficiency of pump systems. It is a measure of the electric power that is needed to operate a pump (or collection of pumps), relative to the volume flow rate. It is not constant for a given pump, but changes with both flow rate and pump pressure.
A 100% exergy efficient methane fired power station would correspond to an energy efficiency of 98%. This means that for many of the fuels we use, the maximum efficiency that can be achieved is >90%, however we are restricted to the Carnot efficiency in many situations as a heat engine is being used.