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2. ntdetect.com - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntdetect.com

   ntdetect.com is a component of Microsoft Windows NT-based operating systems that operate on the x86 architecture. It is used during the Windows NT startup process , and is responsible for detecting basic hardware that will be required to start the operating system .

3. ntoskrnl.exe - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoskrnl

   The upper part is accessible only from kernel mode, and with some exceptions, is instantiated just once, system-wide. ntoskrnl.exe is mapped into this region, as are several other kernel mode components. This region also contains data used by kernel mode code, such as the kernel mode heaps and the file system cache.

4. Architecture of Windows NT - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT

   Kernel mode in Windows NT has full access to the hardware and system resources of the computer. The Windows NT kernel is a hybrid kernel; the architecture comprises a simple kernel, hardware abstraction layer (HAL), drivers, and a range of services (collectively named Executive), which all exist in kernel mode. [1]

5. Windows Native API - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Native_API

   Nt or Zw are system calls declared in ntdll.dll and ntoskrnl.exe. When called from ntdll.dll in user mode, these groups are almost exactly the same; they execute an interrupt into kernel mode and call the equivalent function in ntoskrnl.exe via the SSDT .

6. I/O request packet - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I/O_request_packet

   I/O request packets (IRPs) are kernel mode structures that are used by Windows Driver Model (WDM) and Windows NT device drivers to communicate with each other and with the operating system. They are data structures that describe I/O requests, and can be equally well thought of as "I/O request descriptors" or similar.

7. Driver Verifier - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver_Verifier

   Driver Verifier is a tool included in Microsoft Windows that replaces the default operating system subroutines with ones that are specifically developed to catch device driver bugs. [1] Once enabled, it monitors and stresses drivers to detect illegal function calls or actions that may be causing system corruption.