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Hex keys are best known as "Allen keys" or "Allen wrenches" in English-speaking countries like the UK, Australia, Canada and the U.S. and in Spanish-speaking countries such as Spain and Mexico (The "Allen" name is a registered trademark, originated by the Allen Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut, circa 1910. [1]
The terms "Allen wrench" (American English, though "Allen key" is also common in the US) and "Allen key" (British English) [3] are derived from the Allen brand name and refer to the generic product category "hex keys". W.G. Allen [4] filed the first related patent in 1909 for its recessed hex-driven safety screws, [5] a safety improvement over ...
The screw heads are typically flanged, and may fit into standard Allen hex socket cap screw counterbores molded or machined into parts to be fastened. Compared to Allen hex sockets, the advantages of these bolts include higher torque capability and the lack of a recess to trap water. A disadvantage is the extra cost involved in forming the heads.
An exception to this is 4 mm hex keys, which are almost the exact same size as 5 ⁄ 32 in (3.97 mm). In many industries, this makes 4.0 mm ( 5 ⁄ 32 in) hex keys preferred for consumer products because end users can successfully use an imperial key on a metric fastener, and vice versa.
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An ASME B18.2.1 compliant cap screw has somewhat tighter tolerances than a hex bolt for the head height and the shank length. The nature of the tolerance difference allows an ASME B18.2.1 hex cap screw to always fit where a hex bolt is installed but a hex bolt could be slightly too large to be used where a hex cap screw is designed in.