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Cattle were originally identified as three separate species: Bos taurus, the European or "taurine" cattle (including similar types from Africa and Asia); Bos indicus, the Indicine or "zebu"; and the extinct Bos primigenius, the aurochs. The aurochs is ancestral to both zebu and taurine cattle. [74]
Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Bos indicus (or Bos taurus indicus ) cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as India, Sub-saharan Africa, China, and Southeast Asia.
In older English sources such as the King James Version of the Bible, cattle refers to livestock, as opposed to deer which refers to wildlife. Wild cattle may refer to feral cattle or to undomesticated species of the genus Bos. When used without a qualifier, the modern meaning of cattle is usually restricted to domesticated bovines. [15]
Bos (from Latin bōs: cow, ox, bull) is a genus of bovines, which includes, among others, wild and domestic cattle.. Bos is often divided into four subgenera: Bos, Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus, but including these last three divisions within the genus Bos without including Bison is believed to be paraphyletic by many workers on the classification of the genus since the 1980s.
Taurus cattle are listed in the herdbook X of the German Heck cattle association VFA. There is an increasing interest of Heck cattle breeders in using Taurus cattle because of their larger resemblance to the aurochs, so that there is a continuum between Taurus cattle and un-crossed Heck cattle. [4]
The Tauros Programme, formerly known as TaurOs Project, is a cooperation between the Dutch foundation Stichting Taurus and universities such as the Wageningen University and Research Centre [citation needed]. It is an international effort to breed a type of cattle that resembles the extinct aurochs, the wild ancestor of domestic cattle.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 February 2025. Extinct species of large cattle Not to be confused with Bos taurus, European bison, or Oryx. Aurochs Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Mounted skeleton of an aurochs bull at the National Museum of Denmark Conservation status Extinct (1627 ...
Both scientific names Bos taurus and Bos indicus were introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, with the latter used to describe humped cattle in China. [3]The zebu was classified as a distinct species by Juliet Clutton-Brock in 1999, [8] but as a subspecies of the domestic cattle, Bos taurus indicus, by both Clutton-Brock and Colin Groves in 2004 [9] and by Peter Grubb in 2005. [10]