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In economics, a budget constraint represents all the combinations of goods and services that a consumer may purchase given current prices within their given income. Consumer theory uses the concepts of a budget constraint and a preference map as tools to examine the parameters of consumer choices .
Suppose the consumer's consumption set, or the enumeration of all possible consumption bundles that could be selected if there were a budget constraint. The consumption set = R + n . {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}^{n}\ .} (a set of positive real numbers, the consumer cannot preference negative amount of commodities).
The theory of consumer choice is the branch of microeconomics that relates preferences to consumption expenditures and to consumer demand curves.It analyzes how consumers maximize the desirability of their consumption (as measured by their preferences subject to limitations on their expenditures), by maximizing utility subject to a consumer budget constraint. [1]
The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem [1]) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are forward-looking and so internalize the government's budget constraint when making their consumption decisions.
In these situations, the intertemporal budget constraint is effectively an equality constraint. In an intertemporal consumption model, the sum of utilities from expenditures made at various times in the future, these utilities discounted back to the present at the consumer's rate of time preference , would be maximized with respect to the ...
The budget set is bounded above by a -dimensional budget hyperplane characterized by the equation =, which in the two-good case corresponds to the budget line. Graphically, the budget set is the subset of R + k {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} _{+}^{k}} that contains all the consumption bundles that lie on or below the budget hyperplane.
Figure 2: Income-consumption curve for normal goods. In the figure 2 to the left, B1, B2 and B3 are the different budget lines and I 1, I 2 and I 3 are the indifference curves that are available to the consumer. As shown earlier, as the income of the consumer rises, the budget line moves outwards parallel to itself.
At this optimal vector, the budget line supports the indifference curve I 2. An optimal basket of goods occurs where the consumer's convex preference set is supported by the budget constraint, as shown in the diagram. If the preference set is convex, then the consumer's set of optimal decisions is a convex set, for example, a unique optimal ...