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The complex dot product leads to the notions of Hermitian forms and general inner product spaces, which are widely used in mathematics and physics. The self dot product of a complex vector =, involving the conjugate transpose of a row vector, is also known as the norm squared, = ‖ ‖, after the Euclidean norm; it is a vector generalization ...
The dot product takes in two vectors and returns a scalar, while the cross product [a] returns a pseudovector. Both of these have various significant geometric interpretations and are widely used in mathematics, physics , and engineering .
The generalization of the dot product formula to Riemannian manifolds is a defining property of a Riemannian connection, which differentiates a vector field to give a vector-valued 1-form. Cross product rule
Given a unit vector in 3 dimensions, for example (a, b, c), one takes a dot product with the Pauli spin matrices to obtain a spin matrix for spin in the direction of the unit vector. The eigenvectors of that spin matrix are the spinors for spin-1/2 oriented in the direction given by the vector. Example: u = (0.8, -0.6, 0) is a unit vector ...
The dot product operator involving vectors is a good example of a covector. To illustrate, assume we have a covector defined as v ⋅ {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} \ \cdot } , where v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } is a vector.
The scalar triple product (also called the mixed product, box product, or triple scalar product) is defined as the dot product of one of the vectors with the cross product of the other two. Geometric interpretation
Inner product spaces generalize Euclidean vector spaces, in which the inner product is the dot product or scalar product of Cartesian coordinates. Inner product spaces of infinite dimension are widely used in functional analysis. Inner product spaces over the field of complex numbers are sometimes referred to as unitary spaces.
Vector algebra relations — regarding operations on individual vectors such as dot product, cross product, etc. Vector calculus identities — regarding operations on vector fields such as divergence, gradient, curl, etc.