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MRSA is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. MRSA is any strain of S. aureus that has developed (through natural selection) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
The presence of multiple artificial joints, MRSA PJIs, rheumatoid arthritis or bacteremia place people at risk for multiple PJIs (either concurrent or subsequent infections). [ 2 ] Prolonged operative times, in which the joint is left open to the external environment, determined as greater than 90 minutes in a single study, also increases the ...
Cellulitis commonly infects the lower legs, but can also, less commonly, affect the face and arms. Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome – Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome is caused by toxins produced when a staph infection gets too severe. It is characterized by a fever, rash, and blisters.
Cellulitis in the lower leg is characterized by signs and symptoms similar to those of a deep vein thrombosis, such as warmth, pain, and swelling (inflammation). Reddened skin or rash may signal a deeper, more serious infection of the inner layers of skin.
[2] [11] Therefore, those affected by septic arthritis will often refuse to use the extremity and prefer to hold the joint rigidly. Fever is also a symptom; however, it is less likely in older people. [12] In adults the most common joint affected is the knee. [12] Hip, shoulder, wrist and elbow joints are less commonly affected. [13]
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
The most common cause of lymphangitis in humans is bacteria, in which case sepsis and death could result within hours if left untreated. The most commonly involved bacteria include Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) and hemolytic streptococci.
When debridement is necessary, wounds are left open so that serial debridements may be performed over the course of the wound's healing. [7] Antibiotic choice should be guided by deep tissue culture, severity of the infection, presence or absence of osteomyelitis, prior antibiotic treatment, and previous or current MRSA infection. [17]