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Root vegetables are underground plant parts eaten by humans or animals as food. In agricultural and culinary terminology, the term applies to true roots such as taproots and tuberous roots as well as non-roots such as bulbs , corms , rhizomes , and stem tubers .
Freshly dug sweet potato plants with tubers Hemerocallis tuber roots. A root tuber, tuberous root or storage root is a modified lateral root, enlarged to function as a storage organ. The enlarged area of the tuber can be produced at the end or middle of a root or involve the entire root.
Root vegetables are underground plant parts used as vegetables. They are called root vegetables for lack of a better generic term, but include both true roots such as tuberous roots and taproots , as well as non-roots such as tubers , rhizomes , corms , bulbs , and hypocotyls .
Tubers develop from either the stem or the root. Stem tubers grow from rhizomes or runners that swell from storing nutrients while root tubers propagate from roots that are modified to store nutrients and get too large and produce a new plant. [22] Examples of stem tubers are potatoes and yams and examples of root tubers are sweet potatoes and ...
A stem tuber is a thickened part of a rhizome or stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ. [10] In general, a tuber is high in starch, e.g. the potato, which is a modified stolon. The term "tuber" is often used imprecisely and is sometimes applied to plants with rhizomes.
Its root can attain lengths up to 2 m (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) and weigh up to 20 kilograms (44 pounds). The heaviest jícama root ever recorded weighed 23 kg (51 lb) and was found in 2010 in the Philippines. [4] Jícama is frost-tender and requires nine months without frost for a good harvest of large tubers or to grow it commercially.
The plant's high competitiveness may be due to allelopathic effects, [49] high plant size, [50] and rapid growth rate. [ 51 ] Crop yields are high, typically 16–20 tonnes per hectare (7–9 short ton/acre) for tubers, and 18–28 tonnes per hectare (8–12 short ton/acre) green weight for foliage.
For most plants species the radicle dies some time after seed germination, causing the development of a fibrous root system, which lacks a main downward-growing root. Most trees begin life with a taproot, [ 3 ] but after one to a few years the main root system changes to a wide-spreading fibrous root system with mainly horizontal-growing ...