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Operation Hardtack I was a series of 35 nuclear tests conducted by the United States from April 28 to August 18 in 1958 at the Pacific Proving Grounds. [1] [2]: 212 At the time of testing, the Operation Hardtack I test series included more nuclear detonations than the total of prior nuclear explosions in the Pacific Ocean.
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is the set of waves of an electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy. [1] [2] Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.
May 3, 1968 – La Plata, Argentina – A construction worker at a chemical plant discovered a caesium-137 source and carried it in his pants pocket for 17 hours (right pocket for 7 hours, left pocket for 10 hours). The worker suffered a localized dose of 50–1,700 rad (0.50–17.00 Gy), leading to permanent sterility and the eventual ...
Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a ...
A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile, including lasers, microwaves, particle beams, and sound beams. Potential applications of this technology include weapons that target personnel , missiles , vehicles, and optical devices.
The electromagnetic radiation and kinetic energy (thermal and blast energy) released in this explosion carried the missing gram of mass. Whenever energy is added to a system, the system gains mass, as shown when the equation is rearranged: A spring's mass increases whenever it is put into compression or tension. Its mass increase arises from ...
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge.Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations.
At the same time, investigations of black-body radiation carried out over four decades (1860–1900) by various researchers [50] culminated in Max Planck's hypothesis [51] [52] that the energy of any system that absorbs or emits electromagnetic radiation of frequency ν is an integer multiple of an energy quantum E = hν.