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Moravian stars in the Striezelmarkt in Dresden A Moravian star half assembled A completed Moravian star hanging by a church. A Moravian star (German: Herrnhuter Stern) is an illuminated decoration used during the Christian liturgical seasons of Advent, Christmas, and Epiphany representing the Star of Bethlehem pointing towards the infant Jesus. [1]
A wide variety of special light fixtures are created for use in the automotive lighting industry, aerospace, marine and medicine sectors. [2] [3] Portable light fixtures are often called lamps, as in table lamp or desk lamp. In technical terminology, the lamp is the light source, which, in casual terminology, is called the light bulb.
Circular and U-shaped lamps were devised to reduce the length of fluorescent light fixtures. The first fluorescent light bulb and fixture were displayed to the general public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The spiral CFL was invented in 1976 by Edward E. Hammer, an engineer with General Electric, [7] in response to the 1973 oil crisis. [8]
Incandescent, halogen and HMI light sources use this design. Medium bi-post (G22) is used with film & stage lighting fixtures between 250 and 1000 watts. Mini bi-post (G4-G6) Common types: G4 – 4 mm (0.15748 in) pin spacing GU4 & GZ4 – same as G4 and only denote what lamp mount clip is needed to hold the actual light bulb in place
An illumination is an Advent, Christmastide, and Epiphanytide decoration in the form of a lighted candle originating in the Moravian Church. [1] These lighted candles are placed in the windows of Moravian Christian churches and homes in the evening with the symbolism to "guide the footsteps of the infant Jesus" to their settlements.
The GU24 fitting is intended to maintain the energy efficiency of the light by preventing an occupant from using an incandescent bulb instead of a CFL. Adapters to use incandescent bulbs in a GU24 fitting are illegal in the State of California as they would be a fire hazard in fixtures designed for the lower heat output of a CFL bulb. [2]
The spectrum of light emitted from a fluorescent lamp is the combination of light directly emitted by the mercury vapor, and light emitted by the phosphorescent coating. The spectral lines from the mercury emission and the phosphorescence effect give a combined spectral distribution of light that is different from those produced by incandescent ...
Some bulbs have a phosphor coating on the inner side of the outer bulb to improve the spectrum and diffuse the light. In the mid-1980s a new type of metal-halide lamp was developed, which, instead of a quartz (fused silica) arc tube as used in mercury vapor lamps and previous metal-halide lamp designs, use a sintered alumina arc tube similar to ...