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An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public.Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.
The concepts of open access and open source support the idea of open textbooks, digital textbooks that are free (gratis) and easy to distribute, modify and update (libre). Schools, teachers or professors may design their own open textbooks by gathering open access scholarly articles or other open access resources into one text or one curriculum.
The latest trend in textbooks is "open textbooks". An open textbook is a free, openly licensed textbook offered online by the copyright holders. According to PIRG, a number of textbooks already exist, and are being used at schools such as MIT and Harvard. [38]
The Open Textbook Library sponsored by the University of Minnesota offers open textbooks a wide range of law, medicine, engineering, and liberal arts disciplines. [38] OpenStax, a nonprofit educational technology initiative based at Rice University, has created openly-licensed textbooks since 2012.
Common features of open education in practice attempt to build opportunities for learners to: [8] access education, open educational resources, open textbooks, and open scholarship; collaborate with others, across the boundaries of institutions, institutional systems, and geographic locations; create and co-create knowledge openly
The concept of the open text comes from Umberto Eco's collection of essays The Role of the Reader, [1] but it is also derivative of Roland Barthes's distinction between 'readerly' and 'writerly' (scriptible) texts as set out in his 1968 essay, "The Death of the Author".
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Psychology refers to the study of subconscious and conscious activities, such as emotions and thoughts. It is a field of study that bridges the scientific and social sciences and has a huge reach. It is a field of study that bridges the scientific and social sciences and has a huge reach.