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In order to conduct the cost breakdown analysis, the starting point is to examine the various cost drivers of the service or product that is being analyzed. When itemizing the costs of transportation, one can come up with a simplified list of six cost drivers, namely: Personnel (e.g. driver) Motor fuel (diesel / gasoline) Tires; Maintenance; Tolls
Step 2: Calculating unit cost. Unit cost = (total cost/number of units) Step 3a: Calculating markup price. Markup price = (unit cost * markup percentage) The markup is a percentage that is expected to provide an acceptable rate of return to the manufacturer. [3] Step 3b: Calculating Selling Price (SP) Selling Price = unit cost + markup price
Discounts can occur anywhere in the distribution channel, modifying either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or a quoted price specific to a potential buyer, often given in written form.
Both current and historical data [24] are available on their web site [permanent dead link ], which also includes a convenient calculator that allows visitors to enter starting and ending dates and retrieve the monthly data in HTML or Microsoft Excel spreadsheet format.
Time value of money problems involve the net value of cash flows at different points in time. In a typical case, the variables might be: a balance (the real or nominal value of a debt or a financial asset in terms of monetary units), a periodic rate of interest, the number of periods, and a series of cash flows. (In the case of a debt, cas
5. Impractical to assume sales mix remain constant since this depends on the changing demand levels. 6. The assumption of linear property of total cost and total revenue relies on the assumption that unit variable cost and selling price are always constant. In real life it is valid within relevant range or period and likely to change. [2]
The discount rate is commonly used for U.S. Treasury bills and similar financial instruments. For example, consider a government bond that sells for $95 ('balance' in the bond at the start of period) and pays $100 ('balance' in the bond at the end of period) in a year's time. The discount rate is
A CPI is a statistical estimate constructed using the prices of a sample of representative items whose prices are collected periodically. Sub-indices and sub-sub-indices can be computed for different categories and sub-categories of goods and services, which are combined to produce the overall index with weights reflecting their shares in the total of the consumer expenditures covered by the ...