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For a fully oriented molecule, the dipolar coupling for an 1 H-15 N amide group would be over 20 kHz, and a pair of protons separated by 5 Å would have up to ~1 kHz coupling. However the degree of alignment achieved by applying magnetic field is so low that the largest 1 H-15 N or 1 H-13 C dipolar couplings are <5 Hz. [19]
Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction, also called dipolar coupling, refers to the direct interaction between two magnetic dipoles. Roughly speaking, the magnetic field of a dipole goes as the inverse cube of the distance, and the force of its magnetic field on another dipole goes as the first derivative of the magnetic field. It follows that ...
The internal model theory of motor control argues that the motor system is controlled by the constant interactions of the “plant” and the “controller.” The plant is the body part being controlled, while the internal model itself is considered part of the controller.
In nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics, J-couplings (also called spin-spin coupling or indirect dipole–dipole coupling) are mediated through chemical bonds connecting two spins. It is an indirect interaction between two nuclear spins that arises from hyperfine interactions between the nuclei and local electrons. [ 1 ]
The gradient of motor unit force is correlated with a gradient in motor neuron soma size and motor neuron electrical excitability. This relationship was described by Elwood Henneman and is known as Henneman's size principle , a fundamental discovery of neuroscience and an organizing principle of motor control.
Historically, the first and most studied example of this effect is the linear magnetoelectric effect.Mathematically, while the electric susceptibility and magnetic susceptibility describe the electric and magnetic polarization responses to an electric, resp. a magnetic field, there is also the possibility of a magnetoelectric susceptibility which describes a linear response of the electric ...
Some diver propulsion vehicles and remotely operated underwater vehicles use magnetic couplings to transfer torque from the electric motor to the prop. Magnetic gearing is also being explored for use in utility-scale wind turbines as a means of enhancing reliability. [1] The magnetic coupling has several advantages over a traditional stuffing ...
In vector control, an AC induction or synchronous motor is controlled under all operating conditions like a separately excited DC motor. [21] That is, the AC motor behaves like a DC motor in which the field flux linkage and armature flux linkage created by the respective field and armature (or torque component) currents are orthogonally aligned such that, when torque is controlled, the field ...