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According to the Renewable Fuels Association, the E15 waivers now cover 62% of vehicles on the road in the US, and the ethanol group estimates if all 2001 and newer cars and pickups were to use E15, the theoretical blend wall for ethanol use would be approximately 17.5 billion gallons (66.2 billion liters) per year.
This shift also contributed to a sharp increase in the production and sale of E85 flex vehicles since 2002. [19] Ethanol also replaces toxic, air-polluting substances such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. Numerous states require certain ethanol blends to reduce air pollution. Ethanol produces about 34% less air pollution than gasoline on ...
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Specially equipped vehicles designated as Flex Fuel capable can run on E85, a mix that's as high as 85% ethanol and just 15% gasoline. But, nearly all cars are already using a gasoline-ethanol mix.
For each billion ethanol-equivalent gallons of fuel produced and combusted in the US, the combined climate-change and health costs are $469 million for gasoline, $472–952 million for corn ethanol depending on biorefinery heat source (natural gas, corn stover, or coal) and technology, but only $123–208 million for cellulosic ethanol ...
Similarly, whereas selling any fuel containing more than 10% ethanol is currently illegal in some states, this is rapidly changing. For example, Florida proposed changing state law to permit the sale of alternative fuels such as E85 at an October 7, 2005 meeting, and held public hearings on October 24. Before higher level blends of ethanol were ...
But 40% of these travelers, or almost 12.5 million people, said $4-a-gallon gas will curtail their travel plans, according to the advocacy group Consumer Federation of America.
In line with the observations in Japan, hydrous ethanol is known to be less corrosive than anhydrous ethanol. The reaction mechanism is 3 EtOH + Al -> Al(OEt) 3 + 3 ⁄ 2 H 2 at lower-mid blends. When enough water is present in the fuel, aluminum will react preferably with water to produce Al 2 O 3 , repairing the protective aluminum oxide layer.