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  2. Ball-and-stick model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model

    In a good model, the angles between the rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by the sphere's color. [2]

  3. Rutherford model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_model

    In a May 1911 paper, [7] Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure, as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results. [2] In it, the atom is made up of a central charge (this is the modern atomic nucleus, though Rutherford did not use the term "nucleus" in his paper). Rutherford only committed himself to a ...

  4. Rutherford scattering experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering...

    The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [1]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [2] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.

  5. Eugene D. Commins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_D._Commins

    Commins and a group of his students were among the first to observe atomic parity violation, a subtle effect of the fundamental weak interactions. These experiments confirmed the Weinberg - Salam - Glashow model of electroweak interaction which is at the core of the Standard Model and for which the three theorists were awarded the Nobel Prize ...

  6. Nuclear structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_structure

    The atomic nucleus is a quantum n-body system. The internal motion of nucleons within the nucleus is non-relativistic, and their behavior is governed by the Schrödinger equation. Nucleons are considered to be pointlike, without any internal structure.

  7. Arnold Sommerfeld - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld

    Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (German: [ˈaʁnɔlt ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

  8. List of important publications in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important...

    Downloadable PDF [17] Description: In this paper the structure of DNA was proposed. It consisted of a double helix with a phosphate backbone, unlike Linus Pauling and R.B. Corey's double helix where the backbone consisted of the bases. They conclude with the sly remark: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated ...

  9. Atomic physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physics

    The term atomic physics can be associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English. Physicists distinguish between atomic physics—which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons—and nuclear physics , which studies nuclear reactions and special ...