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Gender in Bible translation concerns various issues, such as the gender of God and generic antecedents in reference to people. Bruce Metzger states that the English language is so biased towards the male gender that it restricts and obscures the meaning of the original language, which was more gender-inclusive than a literal translation would convey. [1]
The English Standard Version (ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English. Published in 2001 by Crossway , the ESV was "created by a team of more than 100 leading evangelical scholars and pastors."
The Colorado Springs Guidelines is a 1997 document to address gender issues in Bible translation.It was written by theologically conservative Christians in response to "gender-neutral" Bible translations, in particular the New International Version Inclusive Language Edition.
In 2001, Crossway published the English Standard Version (ESV), its revision of the 1971 text edition of the RSV. [14] In comparison to the RSV, the ESV reverts certain disputed passages to their prior rendering as found in the ASV. [a] Unlike the NRSV, the ESV, depending on the context, prefers to use gender-inclusive language sparingly. [17]
The RSV observed the older convention of using masculine nouns in a gender-neutral sense (e.g., "man" instead of "person"), and in some cases used a masculine word where the source language used a neutral word. This move has been widely criticised by some, including within the Catholic Church, and continues to be a point of contention today.
The Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy: Muting the Masculinity of God's Words (with Wayne Grudem). Broadman and Holman: 2000. ISBN 978-0-8054-2441-6. The TNIV and the Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy (with Wayne Grudem). Broadman and Holman: 2004. ISBN 978-0-8054-3193-3. Redeeming Science: A God-Centered Approach. Crossway Books: 2006.
The first words of the Old Testament are B'reshit bara Elohim—"In the beginning God created." [1] The verb bara (created) agrees with a masculine singular subject.[citation needed] Elohim is used to refer to both genders and is plural; it has been used to refer to both Goddess (in 1 Kings 11:33), and God (1 Kings 11:31; [2]).
Elizabeth A. McCabe has identified and documented evidence of gender bias in English translations of the Bible that do not apply exclusively to the word authentein. Greek words indicating that women held positions of authority in the church also appear to have been altered in translation.