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Serum vitamin B 12 is a medical laboratory test that measure vitamin B 12 only in the blood binding to both transcobalamins. [1] Most of the time, 80–94% of vitamin B 12 in the blood binds to haptocorrin, while only 6–20% is binds to transcobalamin ll. [2] Only transcobalamin ll is "active" and can be used by the body. [1]
A diagnosis of vitamin B 12 deficiency is determined by blood levels lower than 200 or 250 picograms per ml (148 or 185 picomoles per liter). Measurement of blood methylmalonic acid (MMA), a vitamin B 12-associated metabolite, is a commonly used biomarker. [2] Deficiency is often suspected first, as diagnosis usually requires several tests.
In addition, on the peripheral blood smear, macrocytes and hypersegmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes may be seen. Diagnosis is supported based on vitamin B 12 blood levels below 150–180 pmol/L (200–250 pg/mL) in adults. [51] However, serum values can be maintained while tissue B 12 stores are becoming depleted.
“Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal processing of carbs, proteins, and fats in the body and for the normal formation of red blood cells,” adds Elizabeth Somer, M.S., R.D.N., a dietitian based ...
Animals, including humans, can convert cyanocobalamin to any one of the active vitamin B 12 compounds. [21] Cyanocobalamin is one of the most widely manufactured vitamers in the vitamin B 12 family (the family of chemicals that function as B 12 when put into the body), because cyanocobalamin is the most air-stable of the B 12 forms. [22]
Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B 12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [1] As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.