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  2. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    Organization of DNA in a eukaryotic cell. Each eukaryotic chromosome consists of a long linear DNA molecule associated with proteins, forming a compact complex of proteins and DNA called chromatin. Chromatin contains the vast majority of the DNA in an organism, but a small amount inherited maternally can be found in the mitochondria.

  3. Genomic organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_organization

    Genomic organization refers to the linear order of DNA elements and their division into chromosomes. "Genome organization" can also refer to the 3D structure of chromosomes and the positioning of DNA sequences within the nucleus.

  4. Nuclear organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Organization

    The organization of chromosomes into distinct regions within the nucleus was first proposed in 1885 by Carl Rabl.Later in 1909, with the help of the microscopy technology at the time, Theodor Boveri coined the termed chromosome territories after observing that chromosomes occupy individually distinct nuclear regions. [6]

  5. Human genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

    The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as the DNA within each of the 24 distinct chromosomes in the cell nucleus. A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome. [1]

  6. Chromatin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin

    In nature, DNA can form three structures, A-, B-, and Z-DNA. A- and B-DNA are very similar, forming right-handed helices, whereas Z-DNA is a left-handed helix with a zig-zag phosphate backbone. Z-DNA is thought to play a specific role in chromatin structure and transcription because of the properties of the junction between B- and Z-DNA.

  7. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    Data sets representing entire genomes' worth of DNA sequences, such as those produced by the Human Genome Project, are difficult to use without the annotations that identify the locations of genes and regulatory elements on each chromosome. Regions of DNA sequence that have the characteristic patterns associated with protein- or RNA-coding ...

  8. Eukaryotic chromosome structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_chromosome...

    Eukaryotic chromosome structure refers to the levels of packaging from raw DNA molecules to the chromosomal structures seen during metaphase in mitosis or meiosis. Chromosomes contain long strands of DNA containing genetic information. Compared to prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes

  9. Chromosome scaffold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_scaffold

    In biology, the chromosome scaffold is the backbone that supports the structure of the chromosomes. It is composed of a group of non-histone proteins that are essential in the structure and maintenance of eukaryotic chromosomes throughout the cell cycle. These scaffold proteins are responsible for the condensation of chromatin during mitosis. [1]