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Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Patients with PPE usually have no symptoms. [3] If further damage to Bruch's membrane and the pigment epithelium causes fluid to accumulate under the retina, central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) develops. In this stage, patients often have blurred vision and report a reduction in visual acuity with perception of a central "grey spot".
Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are. Micropsia can be caused by optical factors (such as wearing glasses), by distortion of images in the eye (such as optically, via swelling of the cornea or from changes in the shape of the retina such as from retinal edema, macular degeneration, or central serous ...
Choroidal vascular disorders which cause visual symptoms, including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) may also present with focal choroidal excavation.
In PCV, sudden blurring of vision or a scotoma in the central field of vision may occur in one or both eyes. [2] Another symptom is metamorphopsia . [ 1 ] Signs include polypoidal lesions, orange-red lesions in fundus, subretinal fluid, retinal detachment, subretinal hemorrhages, subretinal fibrinous material, hard exudates and drusen .
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Central retinal artery occlusion; Central retinal vein occlusion; Central serous chorioretinopathy; Chloroquine retinopathy; Chorioretinitis; Choroideremia; Coats' disease; Cone dystrophy; Cone–rod dystrophy; Cytomegalovirus retinitis
What Are the Symptoms of RSV in Older Adults? Symptoms of RSV can range from mild to severe. Dr. Elizalde says that mild RSV symptoms can include a runny nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing and ...